![]() ![]() 17 (3) The invasive surgery necessary to fix EEGĮlectrodes on the thin mouse skull risks brain tissue injury and infection that might Preventing investigation of bilateral cortical activity during sleep. Imaging of cortical activity, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (2) Also, EEG electrodes on the skull interfere with the wide-field Scoring is nevertheless necessary because of individual differences of EEG-thresholds andĮMG-thresholds among mice, and because of fluctuation of the thresholds, even in the same Inspection of hypnograms by human experts is time consuming and sometimes poses a bottleneck ![]() Sleep stage classifications suffer from several important shortcomings: (1) manual Used routinely, 8 EEG-based and EMG-based Procedure for vigilance state classification is thresholding the amplitudes ofĮlectroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data, followed by manual correction byĪn expert. States of rodents are commonly divided into three: awake (WAKE), rapid eye movement (REM) Sleep stage classification is indispensable for investigating the function, mechanism, and Pupilĭynamics-based hypnography can expand the scope of alternatives for sleep stage scoring of Implied possible subdivision of the vigilance states defined by EEG and EMG. Findings from a diverse range of pupillary dynamics Velocity, and eyelid opening for 10 s at a 10 Hz sampling rate achieved vigilance stateĮstimation with a higher classification performance (macro F1 score, 0.77 accuracy, 86%) Open-source LSTM model with feature inputs of pupil diameter, pupil location, pupil Pupillometry using a USB camera and a markerless tracking toolbox, DeepLabCut. For supervisory hypnography, EEG andĮMG recording were performed on head-fixed mice. Multi-class labeling of NREM, REM, and WAKE states. To overcome these shortcomings, we proposeĪ pupil dynamics-based vigilance state classification method for a head-fixed mouse usingĪ long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a variant of a recurrent neural network, for That for functional magnetic resonance imaging. The electrodes on the thin mouse skull risks brain tissue injury, and (4) metal electrodesįor EEG and EMG recording are difficult to apply to some experimental apparatus such as Sleep studies, (2) EEG electrodes on the skull interfere with wide-field imaging of theĬortical activity of a head-fixed mouse under a microscope, (3) invasive surgery to fix Time-consuming manual correction by human experts is sometimes a bottleneck hindering Although popular, this method has some shortcomings: (1) the The standard method for sleep state classification is thresholding the amplitudes ofĮlectroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) data, followed by manualĬorrection by an expert. ![]()
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